Free goods- The form used for free goods is form No. this an example Entry for goods not liable to customs duty . At least two copies of this are completed by the importer or his agent. One copy is termed the warrant, the other is known as the bill.. The warrant is written out in full, the Bill states the quantities in figures. The custom officer retains the bill and returns the warrant to the importer , who takes or sends it to the customs officer in charge of the importing vessel . This document is the officer’s authority to release the goods . A percentage of the cases , bags e.t.c containing the goods will be examined prior to release. The value declared in this document is the C.I.F value . Further copies are required if the goods are covered by import license and if they are consigned from a country outside the sterling area.
Warehousing Goods- Once free goods have been released by customs authorities , the importer is free to do what he likes with them. He may take possession of them himself , or have them delivered to a buyer , or warehouse them at the Docks or else where , pending a sale of the goods.
Dutiable Goods- In the case of dutiable goods , if the importer wishes to remove them ex-ship , he fills up the form appropriate to the goods . The importer can remove the goods only after he has paid the duty assessed upon them , other wise they must be warehoused at a port or duty is paid. If the goods are to be warehoused at a port or place other than at the port of entry , the importer must fill up a form. Entry for warehousing at another port or place. If the goods are to be ware housed at the port of entry then the form entry for ware housing is used. The precise nature of this form depends upon the goods . Once these formalities have been satisfactorily completed is issued by customs office to the customs officer in charge of the ship to permit the landing of the goods and the transfer of them to a warehouse- during which operations customs surveillance has to be maintained.
An importer warehousing goods receives as acknowledgment either a warehouse keeper’s certificate or a dock warrant. Both these documents like bills of lading belong to the class instruments known as Documents of title and the goods represented by them are transferable endorsements and delivery. They are not , however full negotiable instruments like a Bill of exchange, since they can not , Bills of Exchange can confer on the transferee any better title to the goods than the transferor himself/herself possesses. The title of transferee of Bill of Exchange , if he takes it in good faith and for value , is indefeasible. While dutiable goods are in bonded warehouse they can be sampled and other wise dealt with for the purposes of sale just as if the goods were in the importer’s own possession but all these operations are carried on under the eye of government officials. When the sale of a whole or part of the dutiable goods has been effected by the importer , delivery is made by means of warrants , or delivery orders. A buyer receiving a warrant for warehoused dutiable goods can gain possession of them only by presenting the warrant to the warehouse keeper and paying the duty and the warehousing charges. If the buyer receives a delivery order, this may either be an In bond delivery Order or a duty paid delivery order. In the first case , the buyer must pay the duty before he can obtain possession of the goods , in the second case, the duty has been paid by selling the importer and the price that he has charged the buyer includes the duty.
An importer warehousing goods receives as acknowledgment either a warehouse keeper’s certificate or a dock warrant. Both these documents like bills of lading belong to the class instruments known as Documents of title and the goods represented by them are transferable endorsements and delivery. They are not , however full negotiable instruments like a Bill of exchange, since they can not , Bills of Exchange can confer on the transferee any better title to the goods than the transferor himself/herself possesses. The title of transferee of Bill of Exchange , if he takes it in good faith and for value , is indefeasible. While dutiable goods are in bonded warehouse they can be sampled and other wise dealt with for the purposes of sale just as if the goods were in the importer’s own possession but all these operations are carried on under the eye of government officials. When the sale of a whole or part of the dutiable goods has been effected by the importer , delivery is made by means of warrants , or delivery orders. A buyer receiving a warrant for warehoused dutiable goods can gain possession of them only by presenting the warrant to the warehouse keeper and paying the duty and the warehousing charges. If the buyer receives a delivery order, this may either be an In bond delivery Order or a duty paid delivery order. In the first case , the buyer must pay the duty before he can obtain possession of the goods , in the second case, the duty has been paid by selling the importer and the price that he has charged the buyer includes the duty.
Bill of sight – It may happen that a shipper has failed to furnish the importer with particulars of the description quantity and value of the imported goods, that is to say, the shipping documents may not have been received by the importer. In that case , the importer may make entry for the particulars required by the form . This document then serves as a warrant for the landing of the goods , which are examined in the presence of customs officer and the importer or his agent. Within three days of the landing of the goods and before the delivery can be made , the importer or his agent must endorse on the bill of sight similar particulars to those required for perfect entry. The bill of sight thus endorsed , signed by the importer or his agents and accompanied by the usual Bill is accepted as perfect entry.
Transshipment of Goods – Goods are frequently shipped to this country with the intention that they shall be immediately re-exported , the goods being imported on a through bill of lading or bill of lading being marked. In transit , In entry and subsequently re-exported. Sometimes , as already mentioned , goods entered at one port or place may have to be warehoused at another port or place. In all three cases , if the goods are dutiable goods , the transshipment , or reshipment or those removal elsewhere is supervised by the customs authorities and those persons engaged in the operations-importers, Carmen, lighter men-all enter into bonds with the customs regulations. These Bonds are two kinds viz General and Ordinary. A general bond is one of large amount sufficient to cover many transaction. Thus where the goods are imported on through a bill of lading which is marked. The control of goods imported by air follows the same lines as those imported by sea.
Customs and Excise duties-Prior to the first world war(ww1) , most country had very many years been almost alone among nations in maintaining a policy of free imports, But since then it has changed its fixed policy from one of free imports to a policy of protection. Customs duties were levied on certain kinds of imported goods even during the free trade era, but where that was the case , an excise duty was also levied on the same kinds of goods produced in this country. Thus the Excise duty countervailed the customs duty. Other sorts of goods such as tea and sugar , that could not be produced in this country were also subject to custom duty. Here there could be no countervailing excise duty. Thus before 1917, the customs duties that were levied on imported goods were levied in order to raise revenue and not to give an advantage to the home manufacturer or producer over the foreign manufacturer or producer.
Codes- It is often necessary to send urgent messages to buyers or sellers in foreign countries and the telegraphic cable or radiogram is then the appropriate means. Cabling is expensive , each word being charged for and so to minimize the expense codes have being devised. A code is a word commonly consist of five letters forming a purely artificial word and in cabling , these words combined into one word of ten letters as one word. E.g the ABC code , Bentley.
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